Oct 17, 2007. Arthur Hughes, Peter Trudgill and Dominic Watt, English accents and dialects: An introduction to social and regional varieties of English in the British Isles. The new edition is accompanied by a digitally remastered CD with recordings of the transcribed interviews and word lists, and it includes new. ARTHUR HUGHES, PETER TRUDGILL & DOMINIC WATT, English accents and dialects: An introduction to social and regional varieties of English in the British Isles (5th edn.). London: Hodder Education, 2012. ISBN 978-1-444-12138-4. - Volume 43 Issue 3 - Hannah Leach.

The term cockney has had several distinct geographical, social, and linguistic associations. Originally a pejorative term applied to all city-dwellers, it was eventually restricted to and particularly to 'Bow-bell Cockneys': those born within earshot of Bow Bells, the of in the district of the. It eventually came to be used to refer to those in London's, or to all working-class Londoners generally. Linguistically, refers to the accent or dialect of English traditionally spoken by working-class Londoners. By the 1980s and 1990s, many aspects of cockney English had become part of general speech, producing a variant known as.

Today cockney-speaking areas include parts of,,,,,,,,,,,,, and among others. A costume associated with cockneys is that of the, worn by London who sew thousands of pearl buttons onto their clothing in elaborate and creative patterns. The earliest recorded use of the term is 1362 in passus VI of 's, where it is used to mean 'a small, misshapen ', from coken + ey ('a 's egg'). Concurrently, the of luxury ( from 1305) appeared under a variety of spellings—including Cockayne, Cocknay, and Cockney—and became humorously associated with the capital. The present meaning of cockney comes from its use among rural Englishmen (attested in 1520) as a pejorative term for effeminate town-dwellers, from an earlier general sense (encountered in ' of 's c.

1386) of a 'cokenay' as 'a child tenderly brought up' and, by extension, 'an effeminate fellow' or 'a '. Download Free Software The Jeffy Show Rapidshare Downloader here. This may have developed from the sources above or separately, alongside such terms as ' and ' which both have the sense of 'to make a.

Or darling of', 'to indulge or pamper'. By 1600, this meaning of cockney was being particularly associated with the area. In 1617, the travel writer stated in his Itinerary that 'Londoners, and all within the sound of, are in called Cockneys.' The same year, included the term in this newly restricted sense in his dictionary Ductor in Linguas. The use of the term to describe all generally, however, survived into the 19th century before becoming restricted to the working class and their particular accent.

The term is now used loosely to describe all, although some distinguish the areas (such as ) that were added to in 1964. Voice of who grew up in, London, from the BBC Radio 4 programme Problems playing this file? The region in which cockneys are thought to reside is not clearly defined. A common view is that in order to be a cockney, one must have been born within earshot of, the bells of. However, the church of St Mary-le-Bow was destroyed in 1666 by the and rebuilt. Although the bells were destroyed again in 1941 in, they had fallen silent on 13 June 1940 as part of the.

Before they were replaced in 1961, there was a period when, by the 'within earshot' definition, no 'Bow Bell' cockneys could be born. The use of such a literal definition produces other problems, since the area around the church is no longer residential and the noise of the area makes it unlikely that many people would now be born within earshot of the bells, although the, Guy's Hospit, Lying In Hospitall and are within the defined area covered by the sound of the Bow Bells. The closest maternity units would be the City of London Maternity Hospital,, but this hospital was bombed out during the Blitz, and (or Barts), whose maternity department closed in the late 1980s. The East London Maternity Hospital in Stepney, which was 2.5 miles from St Mary-le-Bow, was in use from 1884 to 1968.

There is a maternity unit still in use at the Royal London Hospital in. Home births were very common until the late 1960s. [ ] A study was carried out by the in 2000 to see how far away Bow Bells could be heard, and it was estimated that the bells would have been heard up to six miles to the east, five miles to the north, three miles to the south, and four miles to the west. According to the legend of the bells could once be heard from as far away as the Highgate (4.5 miles north).

The association of cockneys with the East End in the public imagination may be due to many people assuming that Bow Bells are to be found in the district of, rather than the lesser known St Mary-le-Bow church in in the. Thus while all East Enders are cockneys, not all cockneys are East Enders.